History of Electronic Dance Music Essay

Electronic Dance Music, also known as EDM (we at Poached Mag are not exactly big fans of that acronym), has in recent years, taken over commercial music by storm. Big name producers such as David Guetta, Skrillex and Armin van Buuren have dominated airplay, and current crowd-friendly artistes like Rihanna and Lady Gaga have incorporated electronic elements into their pop-till-you-drop chart-toppers. However, electronic dance music does not stop at whatever you’ve just bobbed your heads to on the radio – it is a whole new realm of music that requires lots of technical know-how before even attempting to name yourself as a ‘DJ’, let alone a musician or an artist. Before one goes into all the nitty-gritty, which consists of instruments, software and production, a basic consensus must be met in terms of what constitutes EDM. What is Electronic Dance Music? Electronic Dance Music is music produced through equipment and played in a dance-based environment. It creates a different kind of body to music, unlike rock and metal bands of the 60s and 70s, which allow room for mistakes and improvisation when played live. The common denominator of dance music is primarily the turntables, in which the Disc Jockey (DJ) uses to combine tracks electronically into one smooth mix. Synthesizers and voice manipulation through softwares such as Logic Pro and Fruity Loops are widely used. â€Å"Organic† instruments such as the acoustic guitar can also constitute as part of the equation, and contemporary musicians bring in eccentric elements – a violin, congo drums and et cetera – to add that special ‘feel’ to their music. That’s a lot to swallow, isn’t it. The 1960s – The ‘Birth’ of Electronic Dance Music Some people say that the early usage of electronic instruments and electronic manipulation in music was in the 1960s, where the boom of funk and soul required the use of the bass guitar and a couple of synthesizers to get the groove going. What many do not know is that electronic music is said to originate from the use of the Theremin, which allows the musician to create sounds by movement. The first commercial appearance of the Theremin can be seen in The Beach Boys’ ‘Good Vibrations’ in 1966. With such tinkering around with electronic instruments, Melbourne physician Val Stephen became one of the pioneers to have a full electronic music album released internationally. During this period, many producers turned to electronic manipulation to solve certain technical problems such as vocal range and sounds that could not be achieved with an ‘organic’ instrument. The 1970s – The Interest Continues Disco is one of the biggest genres of this decade, possibly the first wave of electronic music. Eurodance (most people refer to it as Eurotrash) is said to have emerged during this timeframe, together with familiar and tasteful genres such as funk, soul, smooth jazz and jazz-fusion. Another notable genre of this decade would be experimental music. In disco, the emergence of Disco Divas such as Gloria Gaynor and Donna Summer pioneered the wave of groovy, bass-heavy electronic music. The release of Saturday Night Fever with the once-suave John Travolta and music composed by the Bee Gees, also encouraged the boom of synthesized music. Many established rock musicians also incorporated the usage of synthesizers and modulation in their compositions to create a new genre called Progressive Rock, forming another surge called the New Wave, which then carried on to the 80s. The 1980s – The Experimental Era One such band who incorporated heavy synthesized sounds together with traditional rock music instruments was The Alan Parsons Project. Previously a sound engineer for The Beatles and subsequently Pink Floyd, Alan Parsons decided to display the technicality of electronic music through concept albums. One lauded track was ‘Eye In The Sky’. Electro, House and Techno also gained popularity in this decade, with German wunderkinds Kraftwerk playing a huge role in defining the template for electronic music, and samples from their works are still used to this day. House music was born in Chicago, influenced by funk and soul elements. Techno on the other hand, was said to originate from Detroit, where the Belleville Three decided to create something more organic and technical. In recent times, this genre has been popularized by the Germans. Synthpop took root during this era – with the synthesizer becoming the dominant musical instrument for a change. Bands such as the Pet Shop Boys, A-ha! , Depeche Mode and New Order made their mark in replacing the remnants of disco from the 70s. The 1990s – The Craze for Computers With the rampant improvement in technology and lowering of its costs, many people were actually able to produce and mix their own electronic music. Down-tempo and Lounge became predominant in the 1990s, a challenge to the rowdy teen-pop that was dominating the airwaves. The European Electronic Music Boom (notably in the UK, Germany and France) led to the opening of many superclubs such as Ministry of Sound, and outdoor raves were frequently held. The techno craze developed in Germany, namely Frankfurt and until most recently, Berlin. DJ culture became widespread, with artistes such as Paul van Dyk, Pete Tong, Ferry Corsten and ATB becoming household names. Trance also has its roots in the 1990s, and became the rave in the Netherlands, with Armin van Buuren at the helm. Goa Trance also emerged during this decade, and by the end of the millennium, Ibiza became the destination for partygoers. The 2000s – The Recent Years Till today, many of the electronic music genres are still popular, for example, trance, house and lounge. With technological advancements, many other sub-genres of music then evolved – Nu-disco bands like Miami Horror, The Phenomenal Handclap Band and Electropop bands are looking to becoming mainstays in this era. Another sub-genre that is slowly developing and being widely appreciated would be minimal techno, with Apparat and Nicolas Jaar on the front line of this sub-genre. Various fusions such as Trap (electronic hip-hop), with groups like Flosstradamus are also gaining popularity in clubs. The controversial dubstep phenomenon has also instilled a whole new different way of software manipulation into electronic music producers of this decade. With the 2000s not over yet, one can say that this is only the beginning of Electronic Dance Music as there are many other fusions and genres that have not even been created, much less discovered. As Ferry Corsten puts it succinctly, â€Å"Trance is the classical music of the future. † As for Electronic Dance Music, it sets the template for future musicians. – Image Credits: AP, doandroidsdance. com

Analyse Reverend Parris Essay

Analyse Reverend Parris and his motivations in supporting the witch trials.  The crucible play is set in 17th century Puritan Massachusetts in America. This would have meant the area would be fairly newly inhabited by immigrants and there still might be problems from Native Americans. The society probably would have been quite close-knit and any accusations of witchcraft would easily have resulted in hysteria in a way that was only possible in modern days because of the media. Reverend Parris would have had many reasons for supporting the witch trials. Most of these were selfish and for protection of his own image, which he needed to do because in the setting of the Salem Witch Trials peoples image were their most important aspect, we know this because the first three people to be accused of witchcraft were all social misfits such as Osborn who, â€Å"was old, quarrelsome, and had not attended church for over a year.† Other reasons included jealousy, especially of Proctor who in his presence â€Å"a fool felt his foolishness instantly†. As well as this there was his duty as a Reverend First we know Parris was very greedy because he wanted things like â€Å"golden candle sticks† on his preaching altar, even though his church is Puritan and therefore meant to be very simple â€Å"their creed forbade anything resembling a theatre or ‘vain enjoyment'†. This may also have been a motivation for supporting the witch trials because the land of people like John Proctor would have been seized after he was hung. Reverend Parris was also very paranoid about his position in the town and about conspiracies to ‘drive him from his pulpit’. Another piece of evidence from the play that portrays his paranoia is that he ‘felt insulted if someone rose to shut the door without first asking his permission’. This shows paranoia because he thinks the slightest mistake in his presence is made as a serious insult. All of this is backed up by how Miller describes him with â€Å"he believed he was being persecuted wherever he went†. This is the second motivation for supporting the trials because if he destroys all his opposition by having them hung or sent to prison for witchcraft his own public standing will be safe. This theory is also basically what the whole Salem witch trials play is about, because all the way through we see a repetition of people blaming others to save their skins. A perfect example of this is on ‘HTTP://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crucible’ where it describes a very desperate Mary â€Å"Mary becomes completely desperate and turns on John Proctor, saying that he is in league with the Devil.† We know already Parris is very selfish and also very keen to protect and even increase his self image. So when witch craft is first mentioned he becomes very nervous and tries to stop any talk of the subject, ‘put out all thoughts of unnatural forces’. This could be for several reasons. First he wants to protect Abigail, although from what we have seen of the Parris character so far he probably is not that bothered about this. The main reason for Parris wanting people not to talk about the witchcraft is because if Abigail, who is his own Niece, is linked to witchcraft then he may be driven from his pulpit by the conspiracy group he thinks is already fighting him. There is even the possibility that Abigail could be seen as a Harlot after Proctor accuses it and it becomes clear that the reason for Abigail’s grudge against the Proctors is because she was put â€Å"out for a harlot†. We know that he thinks there is a conspiracy group because of the quote, â€Å"there is a faction†. When he finally does realise that the talk of witchcraft is inevitable he starts to support the trials to try and take the blame from Abigail and on to her so called bewitchers. He also knows if the trial fails and Abigail is labelled a liar then the entire family may be known as liars, this in turn would be devastating to his already troubled career. The final motivation for Reverend Parris supporting the witch trials is jealousy. Jealousy is obviously one of Parris’ characteristics and he is jealous of John Proctor. Reverend Parris would have several reasons for being jealous of Proctor; firstly he is well respected in the Salem community, ‘Proctor, respected and feared’, this cannot be said for Parris, Proctor is also quite wealthy with a lot of land and for a greedy Parris the prospect of seizing this would be very appealing! The final reason for Parris being jealous of Proctor and maybe even hating him is that Proctor is simply a good and honest man. Then there is Parris who ‘there is very little good to be said of him’. Reverend Parris is meant to be a respectful member of Puritan society. However, before he moved to Salem he was a sugar plantation owner, owned slaves (such as Tituba) and was thought to have been a credit agent for other plantation owners. This quite shrewd and probably selfish personality shows in the crucible for instance when Abigail runs away he doesn’t care for her but says â€Å"thirty one pound is gone† then says â€Å"I am penniless†. This evaluation provides a good background to why Parris supported the witch trials.  So overall Parris supports the Salem Witch trails because of a mixture of jealousy of Proctor, protecting his and his families image, a hatred of heathens and therefore witches, paranoia about the danger of his position as local Reverend and possibly the most important reason of all†¦ is his greed. He wanted more pay and even gold candlesticks for his altar.

Interim Report IDBI Federal Essay

Problem statement: To study workmen compensation in IDBI and determine the satisfaction level of employees. Description of the Project: Reward system is a tool by which employee can attract, motivate, and retain employees. It involves everything the employee perceives to be of value resulting from the employment relationship successful. The reward system consists of many components out of which â€Å"Compensation† is one the most the important factor in employee satisfaction. Organization try to understand the type of compensation required for each of the employees and the one which has high impact on the system. Research Objective: Employee’s preference towards total rewards system depends on one’s perception and the motivation level he has achieved in life. Various theories have been incorporated to justify the preference. The theories are explained in Literature review. Based on the problem definition, we formulated our hypothesis. * Objectives of the Project: To study the workmen compensation in IDBI -Primary objectives: The main task of the project is to identify: * The various compensations offered to workmen in IDBI and policies used to evaluate various compensations. * The satisfaction level of employees with their compensation at IDBI. -Secondary objectives: * Is there any preference given to compensation by employees at any level of choosing job. * How compensation help organization to retain and attract employees. * Methodology: * Primary Data: the main data collection will be done by surveys on the present as well as past employees if possible. * Secondary Data: the secondary data will be as provided by the company guides through their records and manuals. Hypothesis 1: Employees are satisfied by the timely compensation provided to them under various circumstances by the IDBI. Hypothesis 2: Employees are not satisfied by the timely compensation provided to them under various circumstances by the IDBI. The research is restricted to IDBI employees only, the population size consist of all the employees present in the organization. We shall try to involve the response of every employee. The various theories which help us to understand the satisfaction and retention level of employees in the organization are: The motivational theories which were crucial for this kind of study were Maslow’s need Hierarchy and Herzberg’s two-factor theory * Maslow Need Hierarchy: People are motivated by inner needs. Needs form a hierarchy from most basic to higher order. The value of compensation will depend on the level of pyramid at which the person is residing. * Herzberg’s two factor theory: Employees are motivated by two ways of motivators: Hygiene factor and satisfiers. Hygiene factors in their absence prevent behaviors but their presence cannot motivate performance. Satisfiers such as recognition, promotion and achievement motivate performance. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs the person who has achieved the levels of physiological needs and safety would be motivated by other factors. For the people at level 3 may not consider monetary rewards as driving force. Therefore there are chances that employees will not take compensation into matter for changing their jobs. Reward system is a tool by which employee can attract, motivate, and retain employees. It involves everything the employee perceives to be of value resulting from the employment relationship successful. The reward system consists of many components out of which â€Å"Compensation† is one the most the important factor in employee satisfaction. Organization try to understand the type of compensation required for each of the employees and the one which has high impact on the system. Introduction * Insurance sector in India In India, insurance has a deep-rooted history. Insurance in various forms has been mentioned in the writings of Manu (Manusmrithi), Yagnavalkya (Dharmashastra) and Kautilya (Arthashastra). The fundamental basis of the historical reference to insurance in these ancient Indian texts is the same i.e. pooling of resources that could be re-distributed in times of calamities such as fire, floods, epidemics and famine. The early references to Insurance in these texts have reference to marine trade loans and carriers’ contracts. The insurance sector in India has grown at a fast rate post-liberalization in 1999. In the last decade, total premium grew at a CAGR of 25% and reached a total of $67 billion in 2010. Indian Life insurance industry (which contributes 88% of total Life and General insurance premium in India) has emerged as the 9th largest life insurance market in the world. Yet, Insurance penetration (measured as ratio of premium underwritten to GDP) was only at 5.2 % in 2010 – significantly lower than Asian peers like South Korea, Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong which boast an insurance density greater than 10%. With low insurance penetration levels, growth potential remains promising. More importantly, the pace and nature of growth will likely see a change where new behaviors and dynamics of demand and supply will apply. On the demand side, growth is being fuelled by the growing population base, rising purchasing power, increased insurance awareness, increased domestic savings and rising financial literacy. The suppliers are correspondingly playing a market making role as competition heightens and differentiation become necessary for profitable growth. The major insurance companies in India and their market share is as follows– Initially there were only two insurance companies that operated the insurance sector in India, namely, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and the other General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC). On December 2000, the subsidiaries were declared independent and began to operate as independent as independent insurance companies. According to statistics the life insurance premiums and general insurance premiums accounts to 2.5% and 0.65% of India’s GDP respectively * Role of HR in Insurance Industry The Human Resources function in the insurance industry is of utmost important. The business of acquiring clients, providing proper awareness and converting them into customers thoroughly depends on the sales force. India being a developing nation, majority of households do not have disposable income. There is a shift in customer loyalty in no time owing to the digital revolution. The population that has enough disposable income at hand also requires proper financial advice. The sales person, hence, need not only be well versed with the art of selling but also needs to be sound with financial knowledge about the products and its implications. Thus acquiring talent and retaining it is a major concern in this industry. The reason being a multifaceted personality is required to work for the company. The major compensation provided to these employees is often variable which keeps them on the edge of performing better every day. * Introduction (Company) IDBI Federal Life Insurance Company Ltd is a joint venture of IDBI Bank, Federal Bank and Fortis (Ageas) Insurance International holding 48%, 26% and 26% stake respectively. With the Insurance Regulatory and Developmental Authority (IRDA) setting regulations to protect the interest of the customers, the insurer companies need to maintain a capital structure in the form of solvency ratio. A higher solvency ratio will lead to the company with a higher surplus. As per the Annual Report 2011-12 released by IRDA, IDBI Federal holds a high solvency rate of 6.61 in March 2012. With a very high solvency rate which is second among all the private and public life insurers of India IDBI Federal poses as a healthy and safe insurer. As on March 2013, there are 10 products in the rack of IDBI federal. They are Bondsurance, Group Microsurance, Childsurance, Healthsurance, Homesurance, Incomesurance, Lifesurance, Loansurance, Termsurance, and Wealthsurance.

Clive Staples Lewis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Clive Staples Lewis - Research Paper Example From this study it is clear that  man’s pursuit of religion is an undertaking performed in order to achieve spiritual happiness, the kind that transcends believers’ perception of reality towards the goodness and promises of the life hereafter. It is so-called a pursuit because no one is born with religion served on a silver platter. Perhaps you might think about religion that is based on blood and race. Religion is something that should be taken as even deeper; its meaning is significant and highly philosophical. Any Jordanian man born can have the choice of believing in Jesus Christ, which is equally the same as an American believing Allah and Mohammed.  This paper highlights that  faith is greater than religion, for without faith, religions collapse and all the things associated with it perished. When there is faith, there is a belief. That is why, when one has faith in a supreme being, he believes that his actions are in accordance with what must please with hi s master; otherwise, he will be punished. This is Gandhi’s mantra that karma strikes to deserving people because it is the universal law of nature. It is noteworthy to know that even brilliant personalities in history acknowledged the moral bearings of their actions because there is someone who creates the law of morality.  Knowledge, as defined by Freud, as something that is attained through research and this knowledge is used to discern objects present only in the universe and not to the invisible such as God.

Assessing How Well Companies Manage Their Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessing How Well Companies Manage Their - Essay Example If a firm pays its bills with a 30-day delay, 2/3 of its purchases will be paid for in the current quarter. 5/6 of its bills will be paid for in the following quarter. If its payment delay is 60 days, 1/3 of its purchases will be paid for in the current quarter. 2/3 of its bills will be paid for in the following quarter. The vice president's proposal of accepting consumer credit cards yields a higher contribution of $1,152,000 as compared to the sales manager's proposal of looser credit policies that yields a contribution of only $590,000. Therefore, Moorer Corporation would be better off under the vice president's proposal. Credit sales should not be abolished. Though credit sales would result in uncollectible accounts receivable, abolishing credit sales altogether would result in lost sales that might be more than the uncollectible accounts receivable. This is because it is common practice nowadays, especially in the sale of luxury consumer goods. 1. John Burton should develop a JIT inventory system. A JIT inventory system reduces in-process inventory and its associated cost (Just in time, n.d.). JIT manufacturing means making a good or service only when the customer, internal or external, requires it (Atkinson et al., 1996). The process is driven by a series of signals, or Kanban, that tell production processes to make the next part.

How will winning this scholarship help you attain your goals Essay - 1

How will winning this help you attain your goals - Scholarship Essay Example I believe that winning this scholarship will get the financial burden off me and grant me an education without giving me additional stress and tension as to where the money is coming from and how it will be paid off. As for my goals, I believe that this scholarship will change my life completely. It will give me confidence and make me feel that I deserve to get an education and that I, too, deserve to succeed and make a good life for myself. The fact that this is a merit-based scholarship will guarantee that I have indeed earned this for myself and as a serious student, I could ask for nothing better at this important time in my education. Furthermore, this may sound technical but I believe that as I have always been good at school and have participated in many extracurricular activities, this scholarship will be a sort of proof of my abilities as a student and pave for me a hopefully long and productive education at culinary

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Case Study - Essay Example Starting with the establishment of the first store in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas, Sam Walton together with his brother had managed to grow the firm to 32 stores spread across four states by 1969, when Wal-Mart Stores, Inc was incorporated, and subsequently to 330 stores spread across 11 states by 1980, culminating in 1,402 Wal-Mart Stores and 123 Sam’s Wholesale Club outlets covering 29 states by Jan 1990 with Sales of over $25.8 billion. In fact, back in 1977, Forbes magazine had ranked Wal-Mart first in the discount retailing industry based on parameters such as return on equity, return on capital, sales growth, and earnings growth. To understand the reasons behind such phenomenal performance it will be prudent to look at some financial performance parameters of Wal-Mart and its competitors, and then to look at how competitive forces act in this industry using Porter’s Five forces model. b) During the same period, the performance figures of other major competitors as given in Exhibit 5 of the case show that Sears and Kmart had recorded an average annual sales growth rate of just 7.8% and 7.9% respectively, while Target had recorded 12.9%. This indicates that Wal-Mart was way ahead of competition in sales growth. c) Wal-Mart also ensured that this sales growth was accompanied by excellent returns to stockholders by maintaining the profitability despite such growth in sales. Thus net earnings increased from $0.55 billion in 1981 to $1.90 billion in 1990, with EPS growing from $0.11 million to $1.90 million d) On this count again Wal-Mart was way above competitors clocking an average growth rate of 30.3% on Return on Equity (ROE), and 32.9% on EPS as against Sears (11.1%; 8.0%), Kmart (13.5%; 12.6%), and Target (15.2%; 14%). e) Wal-Mart had also managed its working capital very well with a current ratio ranging from a low of 1.66 to a high of 2.07 during this decade, primarily through excellent management of inventories, achieving an

Starbucks Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Starbucks Case - Essay Example Starbuck has been seen using the Horizontal Integration variable in many of their strategic acquisition, joint undertakings, and partnerships. The use of Vertical Integration constituted one of the key success factors for the success of the firm. The company has integrated backwards in opening many coffee roasting plants; and in the same way, integrated forward in controlling the distribution chain of its products. Such segmentation variables enhanced the growth of the company form a simple shop in Pikes Place Market in Seattle to an international company with sales turnover of more than $2.1 Billion. It has acquired market in more than thirty countries for the past 21 years. The success of the Starbucks can be attributed to their name branding. In addition, getting in contract with TAZO tea and Albertsons, and introducing new products into the market greatly contributed to its growth (â€Å"Starbucks: Just who Is..†). The Starbucks brand experience has changed over the time. Customers now see Starbucks as a place to grab a quick cup of coffee with them to their office. The customer behavior has changed a lot for the recent years. The Starbucks has utilized the principles of market targeting in order to keep up with the changing consumer preferences. Such changes evolved within the firm constituted for a change in the Starbucks experience. The brand experience is the ‘soul’ of a firm in its successful operation. Besides, the firm’s willingness to be a part of a social setting also plays an important role in its operation. On the other hand, some of Starbucks customers have changed over the time; because they might not be feelin g quite comfortable with the new strategies of target marketing. And they might not be feeling quiet good about paying heavy prices for the new Starbucks experience. The Starbucks accomplished

Preferential Liberalization to Trade in Services Research Proposal

Preferential Liberalization to Trade in Services - Research Proposal Example On the hand, the broad possibilities of trade make it easy on the multilateral trade facilitation basing on clarification on the eradication and omitting of the measures which enhance trade facilitation activities. Hence, the economic outlook on the binding norms and standards on important impediments to trade facilitation ended rising to (Mattoo 2002) different question on the border procedures making it hard and challenging. Additionally, the various moves to ease unnecessary costs of the applied rules and regulation of trade facilitation on tariffs. According to the report conducted to encroach on the crucial matters such as health food safety thus, public are created awareness of health and environmental changes towards risks brought by trade facilitation. On the other front, tariffs are regarded as a substitute for border measures that are quantitative limitations on other instruments that are aimed to economic implication on trade. Tariffs are viewed to keep on incurring extra costs, therefore, inhibiting cross-border trade in the course of duplicative and multiplication requirements whereby duplication necessary does not have common results liked the other standards rather they become national laws if enacted. Thus, the varieties of national regulatory prerequisite are in compliance with duplication (Maur 2011). According to researcher Sengupta 2008, he depicted trade facilitation as preferably deal which leads to certain transaction costs and hurling services thus economic transportation cost is reduced due to a steady and fast growth of technology that spends on transportation infrastructure and the cost sustained have been lowered. While in trade facilitation technology advancement has lead to merchandise trade in their value of goods reducing the revenue in early years.  

The potential of texts to create ideological meaning Essay - 23

The potential of texts to create ideological meaning - Essay Example   In addition, these studies are related to different media, i.e. social networks and mobile phones. The various aspects of the above media are identified and analyzed especially in regard to their value for creating ideological meanings. It is proved that the existence of an intertextual nexus, as this term is explained below, can increase the potential of texts to create ideological meanings. Still, the level at which each text is offered for the establishment of intertextual links is differentiated according to the text’s structure, the subject to which the text refers but also to the ability of the text’s creator to develop such task, i.e. to establish intertextual links for supporting one or more parts of the text. Different methods are used by experts for promoting intertextuality as part of a text: the ‘construction of intertextual links’ (Hynd 2013, p.222) is the most popular method of such kind. In fact, this method is extensively used every time that meanings need to be added in a specific text. At this point, the following question would appear? How could intertextuality be defined? According to Hynd (2013), intertextuality could be described as ‘the interaction of texts’ (Hynd 2013, p.219). It is further explained that through such interaction ‘meanings are established’ (Hynd 2013, p.219). Moreover, through the effort of experts to interpret these meanings knowledge is exchanged, a fact that significantly promotes the learning process (Hynd 2013).  

Pharmacy Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pharmacy - Personal Statement Example I believe taking up the field of Health Science and Medicine Pharmacy shall allow me to make a positive contribution towards health science. Therefore, the significance of Health Science and Medicine Pharmacy cannot be underestimated as we can learn from Louis Pasteur’s work that played a major role to save lives of million people against the infection. I believe as we progress further into the twentieth first century the field of health science will face several challenges and I want to play may part to tackle these challenges. I love to work, understand different types of drugs and their contents that may affect people’s health to transform their lives. In my opinion, the field of medicine is a vast field, and by enrolling in the course I shall be able to enhance my knowledge and apply it to make other’s lives better. I have always dreamt of running my own business for Aurvedic medicines, and I believe that by enrolling in the course, I shall be able to accompl ish my dream. The field of Health Science and Medicine Pharmacy is a tough field, which requires students to work with a higher dedication. Though, I have encountered several difficulties during the course of my A-level, my aspiration and hard work towards the field assessed me to gain good grade in the next round. I believe my determination and interest in the fields of sciences shall persuade me to the course more effectively with good grades. For me, the field of Health Science and Medicine Pharmacy is more a passion to me, since my sixth grade. I was always curious to know how these small pills can actually work to fight diseases. In addition, the dream to work in a place where I can dedicate myself to serve the humanity drove me to work harder to acquire good grades in the second round of A levels. I have worded as HSE Assistant Trainee in a Marine company. It allowed me to enhance my knowledge regarding Health and Safety Environment. In addition, it also provides me

Commentary on Testing the Reality Essay Example for Free

Commentary on Testing the Reality Essay This short but powerfully descriptive poem tells the story of a young man who comes to discover just how fragile the boundary between life and death really is. Written in the form of a dramatic lyric, the poem highlights the moment of revelation and reflection as the man realizes his mother hadnt died; instead she had moved on to another place. The themes of death and abandonment are clearly depicted by the poet through the use of tone, setting, rhythm, symbolism, hyperbole, alliteration and time. Through all these methods, the poet builds a sense of sorrow and feeling of utter reliance the narrator has upon his mother. It emphasizes the mans lifelong journey, from a young child learning to count to a fully grown man mourning the death of his 70-year-old mother. As he grows in body and matures in mind, he fills his head with knowledge and pushes at the boundaries of his world, testing it. The name Testing the Reality arises because the son has to face the reality of life, and the deaths that occur in life. The poem takes place in a church, in a funeral set-up, with flocking birds in the sky. We understand this because of the phrase so crammed church roof and belfry. I can comprehend that it is a funeral because the poet relates the hibernation of the birds to a 70 year old woman. The writer also illustrates a picture of a myriad of birds as he writes There must have been 10,000 there or more. Even though he feels immense loneliness and sadness after the passing on of his mother, he is not yet ready to follow her, and must remain in reality, hence he is the last soul still unhatched. The poem begins in the first person as the poet describes his experiences as a boy. We learn that his mother taught him to count to a ragged 20 but no higher. When he was still a boy, the sheer number of birds perching on the belfry exceeded his counting abilities, cramming church roof and belfry, cross and spire. At this later stage in his life, however, it is not due to his counting skills that he cannot count but due to the sheer immeasurable quantity and their uncontrollable, free nature, unable to be caged or catalogued. Their numbers were so great that their final taking off blacked Beestons sky. These birds feature throughout the poem, creating a sense of activity and movement and dramatic symbolism. Here, the black sky symbolises the unfortunate and sad mood. While the flocking birds represent what the man is looking at and his memories of them as a boy, they also have a metaphorical meaning, symbolizing the life and death of his mother. The crossroad of reality and imagery appears in line six with the following alliteration: picketed piercingly the passing of each day. The power of the repeated P sound reflects the sound of the birds cries. In the poets mind, each bird also represents a single day in the life of his mother. In fact, as the second stanza progresses, the birds only exist to measure the accumulated days in the life of the mans mother. Her attraction towards the birds is completed when they suddenly depart, taking her life with them. The shock of the mothers death is so deep that the first person used throughout the first two stanzas is obliterated and transformed into the third person in the last stanza, the man suddenly being referred to as her son. The third stanza also dramatizes the metaphorical blend of his mother and the birds. Death becomes the wings of night, her life becomes the flocking days. Her departure from the earth is an effusion, a release, of all her physical experiences which are soaring away. So significant was she to her son that her departing life blocked the light. In the final line the son becomes an unhatched egg/soul left behind in the clutch or the nest. Having come to associate the birds with his mother, his memories of her are immediately summoned whenever he sees them. She may be dead but she lives on in his memories of the birds. At first they shrilly hailed the first new light they saw, greeting the new day in what initially seems to be an irritating way because they are portrayed as having loud, high-pitched cries that are not particularly pleasant to the ears. However, after his mother dies, and they leave too, he comes to see them in a different light, after they soared away. His opinion of them has now changed and he sees them as graceful and elegant creatures. This imagery also successfully implies life after death, and the setting of the poem becomes important when looked at in this light. A church is a place of peaceful meditation, praying and holiness, a place where the boundaries between the physical and the spiritual, the barriers between life and death, merge. For these reasons it becomes the nest that hatches souls into the heavens. Even though the birds, and the mans mother with them, fly beyond all sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch they do not fly beyond love or memories, instead leaving a path for the man to follow when it is his turn to be hatched. The lesson the mother taught her son began with counting, but ended with a realization of life after death and the possibility of living, in spirit, for infinity.

Tropical Death and Mid-Term Break | Analysis

Tropical Death and Mid-Term Break | Analysis Compare and contrast the presentation of death and grief in both poems In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the presentation of death and grief in the two poems, ‘Tropical Death and ‘Mid-Term Break. Grace Nichols, the poet of ‘Tropical Death, was born in Guyana, 1950, and then migrated to England at the age of 27. In all of her writing, her own history and that of her country have clearly had a profound impact as she says, â€Å"I am a writer across two worlds; I just cant forget my Caribbean culture and past, so theres this contrast interaction between the two worlds: Britain and the Caribbean.† Seamus Heaney, the poet of ‘Mid Term Break, was born in Ireland in 1939 as the eldest of nine children. Many of his works concern his own family history as well and also seems to focus on characters in his own family: they can be read as elegies for those family members. The content of both the poems presents the themes of death and grief. Both poems deal with two poetic voices discussing and dealing with death. In â€Å"Tropical Death† she is planning the end of her life whereas in â€Å"Mid Term Break† he is dealing with the loss of his brother. In ‘Tropical Death, the content consists of a Caribbean â€Å"black woman† wanting â€Å"a brilliant tropical death†. Grace Nichols discusses going back to her home country because she is planning the end of her life and would like a dramatic, traditional death. I think this as she suggests so much of her own death that the reader presumes she has come to the end of her life. I, as a reader, find the poetic voice in the category of integrity. This is because she is feeling ready for her own death and is hence planning for it. We also know she wants a dramatic death because it says, â€Å"no quiet jerk tear wiping, a polite hearse withdrawal†, proving the woman wants an ‘over the top end to her life. The poetic voice wants a tragic death, as it also states â€Å"all the sleepless droning/ red-eyed wake nights†. This suggests vigil. In â€Å"Mid Term Break† the content consists of an account of a family tragedy. In the poem the poetic voice attends the funeral of his younger brother who, at the age of four, was run over. We know this because it says â€Å"my mother held my hand†, â€Å"met my father crying†, â€Å"they were ‘sorry for my trouble† and â€Å"I was the eldest†. All these quotes tell us, as the reader, what the family is going through. This makes us feel pathos for the poetic voice. The poetic voice is actually Heaneys own as this really did happen in his life. This make the peace feel more heart-felt and emotional because all these things Heaney talks about were real. The ideas the poets may have wanted us to think about presents the themes of death and grief. In ‘Tropical Death, an idea Nichols wanted us to think about was how she knows and has identified the way in which she would like to die. â€Å"Woman want†, she is portrayed as always wanting which shows pride, determination, self-radiance, independence and strength. She had thought so much about her death that she knows every detail, down to what dress she would like to wear, â€Å"blue sea dress/ to wrap her neat†. When I first read this I thought the poetic voice meant she wanted to drown, â€Å"dress† being the waves and â€Å"neat† meaning to take her life quickly and painlessly. Yet having re-read it, I realised the woman was actually just referring to her plans for her traditional Caribbean outfit in which she wanted to be buried in. In â€Å"Mid Term Break†, an idea Heaney wanted us to think about was the imagery used to express ideas of death . Heaney uses a metaphor to describe the only mark on the boys body, â€Å"poppy bruise†. This is also the only colour talked about in the piece which makes this one mark more intense. It says he had â€Å"no gaudy scars† because â€Å"the bumper knocked him clear† and having this one little bruise, although it was probably quite small, seems extremely vivid and sickening. The colour also contrasts with the boys skin, which is described by the poetic voice as â€Å"paler now†. This also emphasises the â€Å"poppy bruise† for us, as the reader, to imagine the mark to stand out quite spectacularly. Another image Heaney wants use to imagine is the four foot box, which is alliteration. This device emphasises the negative tone and harsh nature, making the thought of this coffin more believable and realistic. My favorite device Heaney uses is onomatopoeia; â€Å"whispers†, â€Å"coughed†, â€Å"sighs†. This helps create the effect th at we are actually there, hearing what the poetic voice is hearing. It makes the scene so much more real, again, like we are actually there- this emphasises the quite sadness. The mood and atmosphere of both poems present the themes of death and grief. In â€Å"Tropical Death† the mood is quite exotic and I, as a reader, could almost imagine a Caribbean woman saying these things. This was because it was written in a language that captures the Caribbean dialect, but I will go on to write more about this later on. Grace writes, â€Å"No quiet jerk tear wiping†. This is not ‘Standard English, emphasizing the Caribbean influence, and there is no punctuation throughout the piece. The mood is tropical, the writer talks about â€Å"heat† and â€Å"cool† and â€Å"shade† which suggests the temperature, making the reader feel as if we are there, in the Caribbean. The mood is also quite upbeat, with colourful words such as; â€Å"brilliant†, â€Å"blue sea dress† and â€Å"red eyed†. This vibrant text makes us think of the bright colours on the island. After â€Å"all the sleepless droning† the moo d softens, â€Å"her mothers sweet breast†, â€Å"cool bless†. These peaceful descriptions lower the tension levels to make the last couplet seem stronger. In â€Å"Mid Term Break† there is a noticeable change in atmosphere between stanza five and stanza six. In the first five stanzas the atmosphere is tense and cold as the â€Å"ambulance arrived† and the arrival of the corpse â€Å"stanched and bandaged†. The energy level of the poetic voice is low throughout these first five stanzas, like the poetic voice is tired and drowned from all that is going on. However, in the final few stanzas the atmosphere changes peaceful, â€Å"snowdrops†, â€Å"candles soothed†, â€Å"he lay†. These bring down the tension levels as we picture the calm, relaxed mood around the cot. Heaney uses pathos, â€Å"I met my father crying†. This emphasises the bleak tone of the poem, playing on the readers feelings. How the poems are written present the themes of death and grief. The poem â€Å"Tropical Death† has a refrain which is repeated at the start of every stanza (except for the fifth one). Having the same line every time we start a new paragraph of the poem helps us, as a reader, to be brought back to what the whole poem is about, as a constant reminder. This repetition is an eternal rhyme and its a connotation of death. It is also alliteration, a device Nichols uses throughout her poem. The refrain also stands out due to its stressed syllables, which are short and staccato vowel sounds. The ‘t and the ‘k letters make the beat hard and unappealing. Repetition is thought to originate from the call and response tradition of Africa; it could be a big part in her writing due to Grace Nichols background. The poem also hints at several lovely parts of death; â€Å"blue sea dress/ to wrap her neat†, â€Å"polite hearse†, â€Å"in the heart/ of her mothers sweet breast†, â€Å"in the shade/ of the sun leafs cool bless†, â€Å"in the bloom/ of her peoples bloodrest†. This tells me, as a reader, that â€Å"the fat black woman† awaits the end of her life with dignity, her head held high having fulfilled her planned life and is subsequently planning her own death for when it may arrive. The structure of â€Å"Tropical Death† is divided into five stanzas and one ending couplet. Stanza one, two, three and four all start with the line â€Å"the fat black woman want†. The fifth stanza doesnt start with this but then the couplet does, also the fourth and fifth stanzas are longer than the first, second and third. This could be to emphasise the final image more, by giving the reader a break from the refrain and also the length of the two stanzas before outline the short and snappiness of the ending couplet. This break is to not detract from the message and there is also no punctuation in the couplet, this is so the reader is left with a strong image. This image has been building up throughout the piece, â€Å"the fat black woman want/ a brilliant tropical death yes†. â€Å"Tropical Death† is written in a language that captures the Caribbean dialect. It uses some unfamiliar vocabulary, e.g. ‘hibiscus is a plant native to warm tropical regions; ‘blue sea dress is a traditional African dress. It creates as strong sense of the voice of the speaker. It clearly sets the poem in a culture other than that represented by ‘Standard English. By using a mixture of Standard English and a dialect form it emphasises a particular idea, in this poem the idea is of wanting to go back to her home country. This technique gives a sense of the dual ‘voice that the poet possesses. Nichols enjoys exploring these cultural differences: ‘I like working in both Standard English and Creole. I tend to want to fuse the two tongues because I come from a background where the tw o worlds were constantly interacting, though Creole was regarded, obviously, as the inferior of the colonial powers when I was growing up. In â€Å"Mid Term Break† the rhyme scheme is non-existent. I believe this is to make the tone of the piece more serious and grown up. It is written like an episode rather than a poem. This highlights the realist mood and atmosphere. The finishing couplet is more memorable as the middle is slower and bland. The rhyming couplet seems to sooth. Heaney writes, â€Å"No gaudy scars, the bumper knocked him clear/ A four foot box, a foot for every year†. This decreases the tension and affirms the ending of the peace. The dialect is Standard English, with punctuation. This helps us to imagine the poetic voice to live somewhere cold and unappealing because the language used is harsh and unwelcoming. How the poems are similar presents the themes of death and grief. Both poems finish with a punchy line, to leave the reader with an image to take with them. In â€Å"Tropical Death† this is the fact that the poetic voice wants to go back to her home country to die in a traditional way yet in â€Å"Mid Term Break† this is the fact that a boy has died young from a tragic accident. These final images conclude both poems strongly. Both poems have a similar layout, with regular stanzas and a final shorter stanza. Both poems overall talk about the same things, but â€Å"Tropical Death† discusses in a more up-beat, lively and natural sort of way- it is the natural order of life. Whereas, in Heaneys poem, it is written in a more dejected and sad kind of way. How the poems are different present the themes of death and grief. In Nichols poem she talks about the planning of her death whereas in Heaneys poem he talks about a boy who has died young- his life was cut tragically short, without any notice. Nichols is basically saying all that the boy in Heaneys poem had, she doesnt want. She says â€Å"not a cold sojourn/ in some North Europe far/forlorn†. That is exactly what the little boy in Heaneys poem got. Nichols says she doesnt want â€Å"a polite hearse† and yet thats what Heaneys poem has, â€Å"sorry for my trouble†, â€Å"whispers†. The â€Å"fat black woman† wants â€Å"some bawl†, â€Å"Sleepless droning† unlike the boy had in Heaneys poem, â€Å"coughed out tearless sighs†, â€Å"I was embarrassed†. All these things prove that everything Heaney describes in his poem is everything Nichols is saying she doesnt want; both poems sum up the cultural norms. Our culture is pr esented in Heaneys poem as cold, â€Å"snowdrops† with lots of secrecy, â€Å"whispers†, and this contrast greatly with Nichols culture which is described as lively and welcoming. The coldness and grayness hit us in Heaneys poem, â€Å"no gaudy scars† and white â€Å"snowdrops†. This is such a contrast from Nichols vivid and warm piece, â€Å"heat†, â€Å"tropical†. In â€Å"Mid Term Break† there is tension, â€Å"embarrassed†, there is forced politeness and secrecy. It is a hint that we dont have a welcoming culture, unlike Nichols culture, ours seems cold and behind doors, â€Å"a cold sojourn† as described in â€Å"Tropical Death†. In conclusion, these two poems present death and grief in two different ways- we hear the negativity of Heaneys traumatic experience, which completely contrasts with Nichols positive request to return to her homeland for her death.

Alphonse Mucha Art Style Overview

Alphonse Mucha Art Style Overview Alphonse Mucha is best known for his luxurious poster and product designs, which encapsulate the Art Nouveau style. Interest in his work was revived in 1980 when it was shown at an exhibition at the Grand Palais in Paris. Alphonse Mucha was born in South Moravia. In 1882 he started to earn a living by painting portraits in Mikulov. The following year Count Khuen commissioned Mucha to decorate his castle at Emmahof and his brother Count Egon Belasi became his patron. He was educated at the Munich Academy of Arts and at the Acadà ©mie Julian in Paris and after completing work for Count Khuen began work as an illustrator in 1889. His first work was a theatre magazine entitled Le Costume au Theatre and in it his first drawing of Sarah Bernhardt as Cleopatra appeared in 1890. By 1895 he had signed a six year contract with Bernardt to produce stage and costume designs as well as posters. At the same time Mucha joined the Salon des Cent, a Symbolist group that included Bonnard, Mallarmà © and Toulouse-Lautrec. He designed a poster for their 20th exhibition in 1896 and the next year he exhibited many of his works at this exhibition as well as at his own one-man show at the Topic Gallery in Prague. Between 1903 and 1922 Alphonse Mucha made four visits to the United States where his work proved particularly successful. Charles Richard Crane, a Chicago industrialist and Slavophile, agreed to finance Muchas series of 20 huge paintings entitled Slav Epic (1909-1928). He continued to work on a number of projects, however, including the design of new postage stamps for Czechoslovakia in 1918 and producing a number of posters and designs for public buildings besides the Slav Epic for example, Allegory of Prague (1911) for the Prague Town Hall. He completed the full cycle of the Slav Epic finally in 1928 and it was exhibited at the Trade Fair Palace. Just three years later he was commissioned to produce a stained-glass window for the St. Vitus Cathedral, then in 1938 embarked on yet another mammoth project involving a triptych, The Age of Wisdom, The Age of Love and The Age of Reason. Sadly they were never completed as he died in 1939. For the Slavs, the plastic arts are a common striving towards a symbolic manifestation a taste for symbols is part of the inheritance of all Slavs That is why the language of symbols is the surest way to communicate our feelings to our brother Slavs. Alphonse Mucha. Alfons Mucha was born in Southern Moravia on July 24, 1860. At the age of seventeen the artist left his home, to work as a painter of stage decorations at the Vienna Ringtheater. When there was a fire at the theater, Mucha lost his job. He found new employment at the Vienese castle with Count Khuen, who became his patron and sent him to the Munich art academy a few years later. From there, Alfons Mucha went on to Paris in 1887 to continue his studies at the Acadà ©mie Julian and then at the Acadà ©mie Colarossi. Due to a lack of financial support from Khuen, however, the student was forced to leave the academy and earn a living as an illustrator. During this time he produced a large number of sketches and drawings. These were studies for illustrations, which were later published in Figaro illustrà ©, Petit Parisien illustrà © and other journals. This early work and the prints for illustrated books like L ´Ãƒ ©là ©fant blanc by Judith Gauthier, at which Alfons Mucha worked during this time, still reflect the usual academic historic style of the time. By coincidence, thanks to an employer of Lemercier printers, Mucha was commissioned to design a poster for Sarah Bernhardt in 1894. This provided the launchpad for Muchas future success and importance as an influencial designer of French Art Nouveau. Sarah Bernhardt was impressed by the artists work. From then on, the famous actress not only had Mucha design her posters but also her costumes and stages. The public also liked Muchas works very much and he became a famous, widely talked about and celebrated master almost over night. Around 1900 Alfons Mucha reached the peak of his fame. Muchas theoretical theses Documents Dà ©coratives and Figures Dà ©coratives influenced the applied art of the time significantly. From now on, people talk about Mucha style whose typical elements like the arabesque hair and the aureole surrounding the female profile, were often copied. In 1900 Alfons Mucha took part in the Paris World Exposition, evoking general attention with his wall decorations in Bosnia and Herzegovinas pavilion. In 1904 Alfons Mucha went to America, where he produced wall decorations, stages settings and portraits during a prolonged stay in New York. Alongside he taught drawing and compostition at the Chicago Art Institute. After Muchas return to his home country, shortly before World War I, he dedicated considerable time to lithographic work. Then he became increasingly occupied by a series of 20 pictures entitled Là ©popà ©e Slave, the Slavian Epos. Mucha finished the large format continuation (6 x 8m) of the decoration of the Bosnian pavilion in 1928 and donated it to the city of Prague. Alfons Mucha died in Prague shortly before the invasion of Czechoslovakia by German troops on July 14, 1939. Alphonse Mucha with his decorative posters has become a kind of trademark and synonym for the Art Nouveau movement. In the sixties his poster reproductions had a revival and were popular again among the flower-power and hippie generation. The images on this page are link-sensitive and take you to other articles or web sites in which you might be interested. Alphonse Mucha his Academic Training Alfons Maria Mucha was born in Ivancice, a small provincial town in the Czech Republic. He started his artistic career as an autodidact. Alfons Mucha had a vocational training in stage decorations in Vienna from 1879 to 1881. In the evening he attended a class in drawing. After a few occasional commissions for decorative paintings, he went to Munich in Southern Bavaria. Here he studied at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts from 1885 until 1887. After Munich, Mucha moved to the mecca of arts, Paris. Here he studied with different teachers. He lived in modest conditions and could survive with small commissions for book and newspaper illustrations. For a short period he shared a studio with Paul Gauguin. The Breakthrough In December 1894 Mucha became famous with a commission for a poster for the actress Sarah Bernard. Sarah Bernard was a celebrity of her time. His poster design for the play Gismonda became a sensation in Paris. Sarah Bernhard was delighted. He received an exclusive contract for six consecutive years by the actress. In the following years, he not only designed all her posters, but her theater decorations and costumes as well. From now on the artist was swamped with commissions for all kind of commercial print advertising. His Style By this time Mucha had developed his own personal style characterized by art nouveau elements, tender colors and bycantine decorative elements. And all these elements were ranked around images of fairy like young women with long hair and splendid, refined costumes. In the coming years, this type of female images should become his trademark. Mucha used lithography as the printing technique for his posters. The posters are usually signed in the block. Some of his posters were produced as sets like The Four Seasons. Complete sets count among the most searched for of his works. Public Recognition for Alphonse Mucha In 1890 the artist had his first one man show in Paris with 448 works on display. His art work was not confined to the printing media. He designed tissues, stamps and even bank bills. In 1900 he received a commission by the Austrian government to decorate the Austrian pavilion for the World Fair in Paris of 1900. He became also active in designing jewelry. Between 1904 and 1921 Mucha traveled frequently to the United States. He took commissions in the US and taught art at art academies in New York and Chicago. In 1939 the German Nazis occupied Czechoslovakia. The popularity of the artist made him a number one target for the Gestapo, the Nazi secret police. He was arrested, interrogated and realeased. Shortly afterwards, Alphonse Maria Mucha died on July 14, 1939 in Prague. The city of Prague has dedicated an Alphonse Mucha Museum to the artist.

A Hobbesian and Heroic Unreflective Citizenship Essays -- Hobbes Plato

A Hobbesian and Heroic Unreflective Citizenship In Meno, Plato asks â€Å"what virtue itself is† (Plato 60). This dialogue on virtue between Socrates and Meno ably frames a wider dialogue on ethics between Thomas Hobbes, the Greek heroic tradition, and the sophists of 5th century Athens. Hobbes’ Leviathan and Aristophanes’ The Clouds introduce three classes of ethical actors to respond to Plato’s inquiry: Hobbes’ ethical lemmings, the heroic ethical traditionalists, and the sophist ethical opportunists. The Meno also helps capture the essence of contemporary discussion of the morality of desire and emotivism, as articulated by Roberto Mangabeira Unger in Knowledge and Politics and Alasdair MacIntyre in After Virtue. Finally, I will examine—and then problematize— the Hobbesian and heroic responses to ethical subjectivism. SOCRATES: Meno, by the gods, what do you yourself say that virtue is? MENO: †¦There is virtue for every action and every age, for every task of ours and every one of us. (Meno 60-61) Meno helps Plato articulate the implications of subjectivism and the arbitrary designation of value. Roberto Mangabeira Unger’s discussion of the â€Å"morality of desire† (Unger 49) and Alasdair MacIntyre’s description of emotivism formalize the ethical importance of Meno’s inability to disaggregate the self from a definition of virtue. According to Unger, â€Å"[t]he morality of desire defines the good as the satisfaction of desire, the reaching of the goals to which our appetites and aversions incline us. The task of ethics on this view is to teach us how to organize life so that we shall approach contentment† (49). In a similar vein, MacIntyre describes emotivism in After Virtue: â€Å"Emotivism is the doctrine that all evaluative judgme... ...valuation, but can ensure the engagement of informed citizens and offer the choice and contrast between competing paradigms. Plato’s wisdom does not reside in his provision of definitions, but his understanding of the intrinsic good of an autonomous process of thinking, searching, and questioning—all of which absolute standards ignore. Works Cited Aristophanes. The Clouds. Trans. and foreword by William Arrowsmith. Forrest, W.G. The Emergence of Greek Democracy. Guthrie, W.C. A History of Greek Philosophy. Hobbes. Leviathan. Trans. Herbert W. Schneider. MacIntyre, Alasdair. After Virtue. 2nd Ed. University of Notre Dame Press: Notre Dame, Indiana, 1984. MacIntyre, Alasdair. A Short History of Ethics. Plato. Five Dialogues : Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Meno, Phaedo. Trans G. M. A. Grube. Unger, Roberto Mangabeira. Knowledge and Politics.

Dances with Wolves :: essays research papers

Dances with Wolves   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie Dances with Wolves was a real good movie and I enjoyed watching it. It showed how life was back in the time of the Civil War. The movie also showed how Indians lived and how they respect everything except the white men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think you should keep on showing this movie to your other classes. When you showed this movie, all the kids in class paid attention to it and actually learned something from it because it caught there attention unlike other movies we have seen. If you show this to other classes it will have the same result and will help you in teaching the class. Also, the movie helped us understand how life was like in the West. It showed us that the soldiers were really ruthless and that they would just kill the buffalo for the hide and tongue, leaving the rest of the animal there to rot. While the Indians would take everything from the animal and use it to there advantage and there would be nothing to waste.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Out of a scale of 5(as being the best), I would give it a 4 and a half. The movie had a real good plot. It showed an American soldier leave his post and communicates with the Indians, which was very shunned upon. The American got very friendly with the Indians and also had a liking towards one of the females. While there relationship goit stronger they got married and when he went back to his post to get some things, he was caught by his troops, which thought he was an Indian. When they found out he was a soldier who became an Indian, they were going to try him of treason. While he was on his way back home, the Indians came and saved him from the white men.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is such a good conflict, which made the movie more interesting to watch and you always waited to see what the Indians were going to do next.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The characters were real good too.

Network Troubleshooting :: essays research papers

Introduction If you’ve ever been a network administrator, the call you dread the most might be one you receive in the middle of the night by some panicked employee stating that a portion of your critical network has gone down. What troubleshooting options are available to provide answers to your network problem? Besides having a proactive helpdesk that can â€Å"read† the mind of your network, an important part of troubleshooting involves using a network protocol analyzer. If you’ve done your research, you realize that there are many choices on the market today that may satisfy your needs but make a dent your company’s pocket book. Plus, you have to factor in training your helpdesk on how to use this new tool and if it will provide some type of return on investment (ROI). After conducting a thorough research of tools to analyze and troubleshoot a network, we decided to use Ethereal. Many versions such a Sniffer ® Portable by Network General and Observer ® by Network Instruments provided more options but were only available in â€Å"demo† versions and didn’t provide full functionality. Since we wanted to use Tcpdump as one of the tools in our network troubleshooting arsenal, it made sense to run Ethereal since it supports this type of filter. So, what is Ethereal? Ethereal is a network analyzer. It has the ability to read packets from a network, decipher them, and then display the results with a very intuitive GUI. According to the book Ethereal Packet Sniffing, â€Å"the most important aspects of Ethereal are as follows: that it is open source, actively maintained, and free†. After conducting thorough research, Ethereal also supports TcpDump format capture filters, supports over 700 protocols (new ones are added on a regular basis), and the tool can capture data from Ethernet, Token Ring, 802.11 Wireless, etc. For anyone interested in a command line interface (CLI) interface for Ethereal, you’re in luck since there is a CLI available called tethereal. History of Ethereal Ethereal is a fairly mature networking tool that was developed by Gerald Combs back in 1997, but has only been available to users since 1998. Something unique to this tool is the numerous dissectors that are available. If you’re like me, you may ask yourself, what are dissectors? According to Brockmeier, they â€Å"are what allow Ethereal to decode individual protocols and present them in readable format†. Since the code is open source, you will notice every few months that the list of supported protocols has increased due to individual contributions to Ethereal.

Ambrose Bierce’s World

American Literature has had many different and dynamic styles of writing throughout its relatively short history. It seems though that we remember the writers who style and world intrigued us the most. The ones who people never really knew what the author was thinking or why he was writing what he was. The writers who wrote the gothic and almost scary stories of the late 19th century stick out in many peoples mind. Many people recall Edgar Allen Poe, but the other Author that may not get as much attention is Ambrose Bierce.He has a very distinct style to create an even more distinct world for his stories. The world that Ambrose Bierce creates is one of despair and uncertainty, where his characters always seem to have a fate that they would rather not fulfill. His characters always seem to have a bad outcome and a hopeless end. â€Å"An Arrest† is a short story that Ambrose Bierce wrote that falls into his world of despair perfectly. The first sentence of this short story goes as follows, â€Å"Having murdered his brother-in-law, Orrin Brower of Kentucky was a fugitive from justice†.Already after the first sentence Bierce shows you that the character is already doomed. Also Bierce shows us with this first sentence that Orrin was trying to avoid his fate. Ambrose goes on to explain that the fugitive escaped the county jail by hitting a guard with an iron pipe. He also tells us why Orrin had escaped the jail; he escaped because he was awaiting trial. By Bierce telling the reader that Orrin was awaiting trial for murder and escapes, he is showing us that he is desperate and trying to escape his fate.It does not take Bierce long to create his world and he knows very well how to do it. A second story that demonstrates Ambrose Bierce’s world is â€Å"A Wireless Message†. This story really outlines the uncertainty and confusion that lives in the writing world of Ambrose. The story opens up with Bierce telling us that William Holt, the main c haracter, has just recently moved to New York from Chicago in the last year. The main reason why William has moved was that him and his wife where having troubles.It’s not a bad reason but the way Bierce tells us this is how he starts to create his world. Ambrose simply just tells us â€Å"Mr. Holt had had trouble with his wife†. He uses this line to start to create his world by only giving us a little bit of information; he leaves us confused and uncertain. Bierce hadn’t told us how much his wife meant to him or what kind of troubles they were having, all he does is leave us with questions to be asked. Ambrose Bierce is good at creating confusion and uncertainty in his world and stories.The examples from the short stories of Ambrose Bierce are only the tip of the iceberg in how he creates his world as a writer. His world is always one that has despair or some sort of confusion and a great style that makes his stories very successful. Ambrose Bierce also always seems to have an awful and hopeless ending for his characters. As American Literature continues to be studied so will the authors who’s styles interest us the most and Bierce is just one of those many great Authors.

Baria Planning Solutions Essay

The company Baria Planning Solutions is a stopuringness furnishr of flatten analysis and caution advantages to its nodes. bps was an early fledgling into the marketplace hardly rapid market growth in the past a few(prenominal) comp wiznts has attracted larger softw ar companies to the market. In order to remain competitive against larger companies bps has expanded beyond the muscle vault of heaven to acquire some other industriousness- period out providers. at once special patience sector firms were acquired BPS was tasked with integrating subprograms of their operations crosswise sectors to ensure operating efficiency.Each fabrication firm provided returns to address the similar general type of node necessitate but they every last(predicate) differed in engine room fatalitys and service delivery. These differences made it difficult to contain operations between industry sectors. At the most recent year end the company realized a drop down in new client gross gross revenue and client alteration rate. The gross revenue obligate team had face ch altoge in that respectnges disturbing the deadlines promised to clients and as a bequeath they could not become new gross gross revenue or nurse existing clients.Initial Assessment gross sales opportunities varied between tails and crossways industries. BPS has not yet effectively designed the sales verify accomplish to meet varying demand levels end-to-end the year, therefore causing delays in the litigate. chromosomal mutation in demand through and through out(a) the year caused the industry assemblys in the design fight down division to wee in consonant productivity levels. Capacity was being inefficiently utilised in the proposal unconscious process. As a result the sales adjudge division had trouble meeting proposed deadlines. This then resulted in customer dissatisfaction as well as delays in assisting the salespeople. BPS desired an industry cente r approach would be beneficial and provide a competitive advantage but they did not adequately social system their operations to protrude such a centrical process. The sales bread and butter process is break up and there is no evidence of shared out responsibility or employee empowerment. Because the process is fall a collapse adequate resourcesshould be provided at individually stage in the process and apply at an efficient level to meet demand.The acquisitions made by BPS are the precedent reason why the sales team is divided by industry sector and the sales attractors believe it is important to maintain an industry specialized orientation. The sales team is divided by industry sector bandage the sales get team only has one of its divisions divided by industry sector. The salespeople guide not been able to receive sales sponsor assistance in a cartridge cliply manner. Directors have suggested the sales deport team organize into divisions by industry sector to prov ide much rivet and dedicated hold water assistance to the sales division. The sales operations mathematical stem leader disagreed with the proposal to separate sales embolden by industry division base on the belief that such a structural change would require hiring additional staff. The director of the sales operations group and the previous director of sales take hold played an influential role in the implementation of the live hybrid structure of the sales support group. In an confinement to streamline the sales support group after the acquisition, all passs within sales support were integrated into teams that could serve all industry sectors acquired except for the proposal support group.The reasoning behind the proposal group separation was to allow BPS to touch on offering and industry touch on, advisory sales process. The hybrid structure was unique to the market, as most similar companies were organized into geographic divisions. BPS believed they could differen tiate themselves from competitors with an industry relate niche. However, the industry specific instruction could sooner possibly be the reason why the sales support team hasnt been able to meet deadlines and has been missing out on new sales and reclamation opportunities. The entrance of competitors in the market has change magnitude customer buying power and their rating of alternatives when buying business dissolving agents.Quality agency of the proposed evaluate BPS offered was an emerging requirement for customers. BPS adopted a root selling process to meet customer quality expectations and expected the additional deed would create demand which in minute would increase new sales and alteration evaluate. Because solution selling was a consultative sales process, a considerable totality of additional effort was essential in the pre-contractual stage of the sales process to discuss value to customers in the proposal. It is important to have the proposal ready in cl ock sentence for the customer. Any delay go outing disgrace the quality and service promised in the initial selling process resulting in bring down customer retention rates.Alternatives Assessment* employ additional resources to maintain the large work load place on the proposal support staff. Sales support is a service process that requires human capital quite an than physical capital. If additional resources are acquired they should be additional staff. Additional capacity should initiative be added at the bottleneck forward it can effectively be added to other divisions. *Integrate all areas of sales support and get rid of the industry bear on structure of proposal support. BPS has relied on the unique industry-centric organization of their sales support and salespeople for competitive advantage. Customer surveys to gauge how oft time they actually value the industry niche approach could be useful in determining what effect any digression from industry focus would hav e on demand for BPS services. *Organize all sales support divisions into industry centered processes.This would likely require a large amount of time and resources dedicated to instruction and salary expenses. This would be a middle range solution. For now the focus should be on immediate solutions. *Continue or dis pertain with the solution selling process. The current trends of consumer choice in the industry, BPS should keep back using the solution selling process. In such a service sector, customer satisfaction is vital to stimulate prospective demand especially if there are other available alternatives. * broom-train or select new employees to meet demand and repair economic consumption. It is relatively inexpensive to cross-train employees ($105,000/52)*3=$6,058 but additional hires might be unavoidable to meet the demand that cross t apieceing cannot. Analyzing employ rates would help to get out this decision.Final RecommendationIn the service sector, demand manag ement involves scheduling customers while capacity management involves scheduling the workforce. often in the service sector managing demand is not feasible, so companies must focus time and resources on managing capacity. The Theory of Constraints provides a useful framework to address the issues faced by BPS. There is obviously a constraint in the sales support process that must be identified. designate 4in the type shows the supreme sales support hourly clock washed-out on each function fall outside of 3 bar deviations from the mean amount of time spent on each function. Once the sales support has been redistributed to the highest demand industry sector each tie, the process should be able to handle the capacity required to fulfill the requests in a more than efficient timely manner. Thus, the seasonal variations in demand can be met and transportable variation can be eliminated. The process time variation is expected to be reduced and more reliable physical exercise e stimates can be determined. The utilization rates shown in Exhibit 7 of the case should be calculated for each quarter to identify how much pressure there is on a division each quarter and how feasible it is for the division to handle their workload without delay during each quarter.By doing so, it becomes apparent that the seasonal variations in the workload are the reason in proposal delays because the current staffing levels make it impossible to execute such variable demands. The utilization rates by division by quarter are displayed in cecal appendage 1. Cross training proles and/or hiring additional thespians would farm the capacity to meet the demand. The industry sector proposal divisions are the constraint in the system and can be break by offloading the work or change magnitude the capacity. Adding human resources and distributing them throughout the division provide decrease the effect they have on the proposal delays. To improve utilization of resources the futu re(a) scheduling and staffing requirements are recommended and the subsequent utilization rates are shown in Appendix 2. Hire two part time workers and cross train two wide-cut time workers. For a total analogous of 14 workers on the Proposal support team.In Q1 move 2 dependable time people from government to retail. countersink one part time worker in energy and one part time worker in government. In Q2 no replete(p) time workers will change but one part time worker will go to retail and the other will go to energy. In Q3 move 1 unspoilt time person from retail to government. move into one part time worker in government and the other in retail. In Q4 move 1 full time person from government and 1 full time person from retail to manufacturing. Place one part time worker in retail and the other in manufacturing. For now, only the proposal support staff will be redistributed. current quality management will register the need for additional staffing changes. By redistributing t he proposal staff each quarter, utilization becomes more efficient and capacity is moreconsistent with expected demand.Variation due to seasonality should be eliminated. Continuous quality improvement through monitoring the sales support process will provide additional discipline as to how capacity can be further managed. Process cycle time will provide evidence of the proposed utilization improvements. Customer service is an important tantrum of quality than BPS will need to access often if they want to continue with a solution selling process. The solution selling process is essential to the value proposition and will enable BPS to remain competitive in the spend analysis service sector. Utilization improvementswill result in improved cycle times by eliminating variation in the process. Minimizing delays will create value to the customer as well as to BPS and improve customer satisfaction which will closely guarantee increased win and renewal rates.

Leadership And Change Management In Businesses Commerce Essay

Change is portion of every organisation. Every decennary informants autumn of a great organisation. The ground behind how that is they were non ready to take portion in the alteration that was go oning around them ( D. Ambani laminitis, Chairman Reliance Group Ltd ) .1 reason why new external leadership is critical good for a company to attain successful changeis which thechange required is very likely to have arisen due to an inappropriate strategy by the prior chief, indicating that a new direction is demanded.2: – Why do we necessitate alter direction?It is really of import to reply the further inquiry why do we necessitate alter direction? Change direction has attributes rather similar to Organizational Development. Than why is at deeds that place a demand to develop a new profession? Answer is rather realistic as alteration direction is broader than OD in that it includes a broader scope of increasing human resource public presentation, development of information engi neering Jelinek & A ; Litterer, 1988 ( hypertext mass transfer protocol: //ac.aua.am/gohar_grigoryan/Public/Fuller/273.The leader should concentrate on the aims he aims at achieving without any external interruption.

2. ‘Royal Mail ‘ Introduction2.1 In BriefRoyal Mail letters bestowed with the duty of presenting and roll uping stations from within the United Kingdom is a former subordinate of Royal Mail Ltd, which besides manages the POST OFFICE & A ; PARCEL FORCE. Attained its separate human individuality in the twelvemonth 1986 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.Nearly all the team leader prefer to do the new job to be able to locate the things rather than expecting their team members.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.stm ) .The poster industry in United new Kingdom was dominated by the Royal Mail, by every bit much as 99 per centum of the local several stations being managed by Royal Mail, which since 2005 has been confronting of all time increasing competition. Technological promotion is another later external issue the has reduced the possible market size as The Royal Mail posts 9 million less letters than what it used to in the twelvemonth 2005 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //new s.The assistant manager has to be emotionally apt to have the ability to deal with the changes by having the ability to manage themselves in the first spot.

3: – The Issues of alterationThe direction has been confronting rather serious more functional and survival issues in past few old ages. The organisation is non executing public good in the profitableness standards, as the figure mentioned below will turn out that the same direction has serious functional issues to be sorted out to do the operation more effectual. Ever increasing severe shortage in its pension financess has made the direction to rethink its bing policies wired and increase its net income to make full the shortage, and in new order to run into the market demand and compete with the challengers on similar evidences the direction has to bring on its operation with modern engineering and do their operations more effectual.3.Primarily, a superb general manager ought to become a strategic thinker.stm ) . It faced serious issues associating to its traditional methods of screening and delivering, which were critically evaluated to be the premier cause of its los ingss. The direction decided to bring on their premier operations which involved sorting and presenting regular mails with engineering, in signifier of modernisation policy to do the operation and finally the normal operation of organisation more profitable. The losingss were so terrible that the proposal was passed in the hosiery of common to soft sell the major interest of Royal Mail to do privatize its operation ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.Its essential for new supervisors to be supplied with opportunities to comprehend how to pest manage and direct people.

3. 2: – Increasing Competent CompetitionAfter the liberalisation of UK postal services in the twelvemonth 2005, the competition that royal direct mail faced were of all time increasing. A really good illustration was confronted to the direction when they lost the contract of 8 million lbs to present the 2nd category mail of Amazon Book a really popular cyberspace shopping same site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.It ought to adopt plans which will cause shift in technological how people get the job finished although the company has recorded tremendous performance throughout the last eight years.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6768983.stm ) .Exclusively by focusing on the various components of product market, organization and people, can you truly aspire to win.

The figure armed might look excessive, but is cut downing at an dismaying rate of 10 per centum every twelvemonth. definite Plus a crisp addition in figure of cyberspace users have reduced the market of Royal Mail, around 70 per centum of places in UK usage Internet and around 87percent of them send electronic foreign mails ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.Its very important that the team members need to assist and long assist one another to make sure overall job success and achieve the goals that were set earlier on.4: – annual Pension Fund DeficitAn estimation from the similar research mentioned above shows that royal mail besides faces serious social issues in pension fund shortages, which has amounted around ?8 billion ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.For instance, among the professional staff members in every of the section is going to be delegated to create sure the task performed effectively with zero little effect on other departments.

Modern machinery meant that estimated 40,000 employees will free their occupations ( hypertext heat transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.The very small groups are subsequently combined to form groups that combine areas of the blurred vision given by the groups.5: – Resistance to the ‘Modernization Policy ‘The framing of policy was such that would make obvious political opposition from the staff/union. The policy execution estimated around 40,000 occupation cuts, which increased to around 63,000 in the twelvemonth 2010 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.The information shows that they prepared and coordinated all the seven ‘S ‘ within their organisation, including the staff for the slight alteration they wanted to implement by subscribing a contract in 2007 with the CWU saying their consent to implement the modernisation policy ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7038899.

Management were neither capable nor wishing to carry through how their demand, i.e.Pay rise that would do their wage equal to the national norm ( which would be about 27 % ) .Addition in pensions support and installations ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.The demand made by the CWU workers were non merely hideous, but merely non viably for the organisation to follow, ensuing in a whole series of national degree work stoppage by the CWU interrupting non merely the normal operation of the Royal Mail, great but impeding the execution of its policy and badly impacting little concern in the UK ( who still rely on four poster and having checks, etc, hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8277206.uk/1/hi/business/8345643.stm ) . The impact of work stoppage can non be represented in figure, but the blow was to the public presentation of the companies as the late little concern shifted to other courier suppliers to take attention of their mail.6: – Harmonization between Management logical and the Union.In bends, the Union agreed to utilize the modern engineering in their sorting offices, and clear cut down their hours from 40 to 39 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8556487.

Review on Past Tense Affixes

The guinea pig was conducted to give bulge the plural form form form form form form form form form form form form form form form form prosodys of side wrangle among Malayananananananananan students. Gener exclusively told(prenominal)y, the length of video towards slope verbiage in schoolho practice session uproom tantrum would be or so 11 historic period among Malayan students. Although incline phraseology has been addicted often than than than than detect and at decenniumtion, at that place atomic return 18 soothe learners exis 10 dollar billce under ext completion tors and non sound in the spoken terminology at the complete of their vicarious initiateho hold take. receiv fitted to this, the tec cl grooms that in that obeisance ar remedy students who choke to witness the close to prefatorial rules of side of meat spoken diction coordinate, much(prenominal) as masses. . 1 conjecture As cited by the police detective, heat up (1945), Lado (1957) and new wave Els (1984) jeer that distinct grammatic structure betwixt voice communications is a executable comp angiotensin- permuteing enzyment part of students incompetence in the targeted lyric.Thus, the surmise of this lease is, Malay students project it herculean to perceive and employ side of meat voice communication plural inflexions beca phthisis in that location ar no plural inflections in the Malay run-in. 1. 2 Aims of the theater of operations at that place argon trey aims menti atomic number 53d to be achieved completion-to-end this translate 1. To severalise and let off students mis c at one timeiveing regarding plural inflection 2. To delineate the differences & resemblingities of plural inflections amidst Malay & slope speech communication. 3. To criterion and local anaestheticise whether the differences of plural inflections shaping mingled with Malay and side of meat run-in moderate to the misplays in students writing. 2. 0 method actingological abridgment 2. 1 try distri preciselyion In this turn over, a jibe of 40 semester one students were selected as the sample of the view. They were 20 let down advance students and 20 high advancement students of a local equipage? personal high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) erudition origin in Malaysia.The students train of advance was pre? rise up protrude by an incline stance trial run which is a exacting appraisal of the creation. Students who passed the slope stead probe argon reason as high progress epoch those who failed atomic number 18 categorised as note advancement students. 2. 2 Instruments/ Tools In line of battle to achieve the aims of this debate, the tec enforced 3 assessment tools to earn the in hold back-up which atomic number 18 1) cloze- streamlets, 2) Es presupposes, and 3) play in the clear. 2. 3 Procedures The beginning(a) near employ by the police detective was cloze- evidence.The police detective hold ii sets of cloze? guide to c each(prenominal) for a to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) healthy selective in arrangement regarding plural inflection. in that location were ten headways in separately cloze? sort and students construct to resolvent to a original of 20 cloze? sieve interrogative sentences. for each(prenominal) one cloze? try on headers consisted of discordant morphologic & syntactical structures. However, at one time the cloze? wait on was collected, epitome was make whole on plural inflections. The import memory access employ by the detective was Essay. more(prenominal) over six essays were interpreted to be shadowervas. These essays were elect base on students attainment takes. terzetto essays representing the measly development and deuce-ace essays from high technique students. e truly(prenominal)(prenominal) essays were to t he highest degree the homogeneous proposition which is Is television system a crowing exploit? and they had been mark earlier. quite of way on in twain grammatic misplays, abstract was make save on plural inflections. The trey access utilize by the detective is lease in the hollow. in that respect ar ten questions consisting of ten remarkable nouns. Students were to convert these unmatched oral communication into their plural forms. The data ga at that placed from these terce nestlees were and then analyze and false into section as the findings. . 0 decision The findings go out be explained in a point of reference to the hardly a(prenominal) excerpts taken from the article. 3. 1 cloze- exams choice 1 Errors on plural inflection in cloze? sample 1 establish on the graph in the extract 1 above, it is demonstrate that 3 or 15% of the high growth students move errors in straits 1. Surprisingly, wholly of the disgrace increase students solvinged fountainhead 1 elucidately. absolute volume of the students of the high and begin progress dish uped the question in definely for wonder 4.As for interview 6, 11 or 28% of students from each advancement train independently solvented B. beachs or else of the correct solution C. beaches. For the last-place question in cloze- running play 1, lock in 6 out of 20 or 30% of high(prenominal)(prenominal) progress students serviceed hesitation 9 prostitutely. On the former(a) hand, 14 out of 20 or 70% of commence progress students mistakenly answered disbelief 9. close of the students who gave the ill-use answer circled B. childs and D. childrens w here(predicate)as the correct answer should be C. children. pick out 2 Errors on plural inflections in Cloze?test 2It is discover that in that respect were more students from land attainment take attached error for interrogative sentence 3 and 5. However, for suspense 7, it is illustrious that thithe r were more students from higher(prenominal)(prenominal) development kinfolk act error. 3. 2 Essays express 3 ordinary errors make by students in essays fix on press out 3 above, the manner of speaking in heroical ar the errors do by students in their essay. From it, it is establish that students include the postfix s in the talking to? childrens, peoples and womans. However, for linguistic communication same(p) actress and dress, the students miss the affix s. . 3 cloy in the silent persons express 4 Errors on plural inflections in binge in the blank projection on that point atomic number 18 10 speech communication that the respondents ask answer in this direct in the blank delegate.It is prime that the higher increase students coiffure ricketyen in this task comp ard to the Cloze?test as they precisely answer chief 2, 6 and 9 incorrectly. In contrast, the press down attainment students got the wrong answers for each questions, moreover fo r question number 8. It is determine that majority of students from twain technique directs over- understand the use of affix s in either quarrel. . 0 interchange foreign the Malay lecture, the plural institution of address in the incline speech communication is untold more modify because thither ar that almost(prenominal) recite rules. Malaysian students ar hobodid to the appraisal that the postfix s is un reverseable to contend concourse. in that location atomic number 18 a dole out of change and mistake appealingness out rules to target concourse in face diction. From the Cloze?tests and take on in the blank tasks, the students were redeably cognisant of the employ of hoi polloi. The completely drawback they face was the over? initiation of the suffix ?s for all wrangle.The students from each higher or pooh-pooh attainment take aim ar dis rules of purchase ordered with the Byzantine plural inflections because the instituti on of plural speech communication is easier in the Malay lecture. It rat be seen in excerption 5 as illustrated by the police detective below. natural selection 5 Rules for governing body of plural forms in Malay linguistic process In the Malay spoken dustup, the public method to verbalizeing mass is by reduplication. hoi polloi is called kata ganda which merely substance pair. plural inflections hold out in ternion roughhewn suffixes? /?s/, /?es/ and /?ies/ for slope spoken linguistic communication.However, in the Malay language, things atomic number 18 genuinely much dim-wittedr as students argon demand to b atomic number 18ly echo the al-Qurans in order to make it plural. natural selection 6 coincidence amid face and Malay language plural forms In slope language, students produce no filling kinda than to do that the suffix /?es/ must be added to address that end with /?f/. If students spell it as shelfs, it would be wrong. The Malay lang uage is easier comp argond to the side of meat language since students return pick to twain reprize the ledger rak victimisation the token (?) or to install big or no. number row in the lead the backchat rak in order to show the great unwashed.If primaeval or ordinal words argon used, the word rak go out die hard no changes at all, for display case some(prenominal) shelves = beberapa rak. To be safe, most students allow for go for the use of reduplication. in spite of all the differences in the arrangement of plurality amid some(prenominal)(prenominal) languages, in that location atomic number 18 similarities identify by the investigateer. In some(prenominal) languages, plurality is luffd by important bid all (semua), some (sebahagian/beberapa) as shown in select 7. choice 7 The import relation is both languages be drop three-figure nouns that indicate numbers as shown in pull out 8. choose 8 5. 0 write ups refinementThis regard has implant that in that respect atomic number 18 differences and similarities regarding the formation of plural forms in the midst of Malay and incline language. In responding to the aim of this select, it is believed that the differences of plural inflections formation amid those languages turn over to the errors in students writing. found on the data collected, it is found that the respondents understand the when and why should we use the plural form. The errors occurred not because the respondents failed to moil the topic of plurality, hardly they ar bemused with the heterogeneous rules of plural inflections in the incline language. . 0 definition 6. 1 A substantive reflect In general, the knowledge itself is a very keen research. It touches on a very proper(postnominal) celestial orbit which is plural inflection. Generally, Malaysian children were introduced to this language as advance(prenominal) as 4 or atomic number 23 age old, at their pre? schoo ltime direct. This teach and meditate movement gradually continues from pre?school to first-string and unessential school. The period of picture towards face language in classroom vista would be about 11 years.Although incline language has been condition much respect and assistance, thither are calm down learners existence underachievers and not handy in the language at the end of their subsidiary school level as claimed by the researcher. unsuited summary is an inductive fact-finding approach establish on the characteristic elements in a language. In this athletic field, the researcher focus on the analysis of morphemes which carries grammatical import which is plural inflection. more or less researchers believed that when similarities and differences surrounded by L1 and L2 were identified, command could be more effective.This rumor is veritable from the see musical theme of discrepant analysis, Lado (1957) where he states those elements that are similar to the learners endemic language response be simple for him, that those that are contrasting entrusting be concentrated. Hence, this study is remarkable since the fount of plurality is being analyzed in legal injury of both languages. Lados educational activity supports this makeups guess that Malay students find it difficult to understand and use position language plural inflections because thither are no plural inflections in the Malay language.Hashimah, Norsimah, Kesumawati (2008) in their study of grammatical structures retard that diametric whirl of plural forms in Malay and face language contributes to the fuss of acquiring the language. 6. 2 methodology Moreover, former(a) competency in this study is the reliableness and rigorousness of instruments. The use of Cloze-test is a very honest approach. The researcher include mixed-up structures however, once the Cloze?test is collected, analysis is do that on plural inflections. It is pred icted that she does not appetite for her respondents to be aware that this was a test on plural form.This is a splendid vagary to avoid students good-looking more attention to real questions. As the result, the findings would be questionable. 6. 3 Findings It is observed from the findings of Cloze-test 1 and Cloze-test 2, in that location are cardinal evident provoke findings. 1) Cloze-test 1 3 or 15% of the higher improvement students attached errors in principal 1 time astonishingly all of the level advancement students answered perplexity 1 correctly. 2) Cloze-test 2 For hesitancy 7, it is noteworthy that in that respect were more students from higher improvement family unit chargeted error. found on these 2 evoke findings, we nooky generalize that, there are really more students from higher level of technique that committed errors in forming plural inflections for certain words. all the way here we stick out see that, counterbalance though those wh o are among higher level of attainment and anticipate to get it on more about the English language structures and rules, yet still committed more errors. This denies the arrogance that notwithstanding those who are among lower level of proficiency go forth wealthy person more tendencies to commit error in forming plural inflections ascribable to privation of acquaintance of L2 structures and rules.Thus, I am in opt of what the researcher has claimed, The errors occurred not because the respondents failed to secure the thinking of plurality, but they are confused with the confused rules of plural inflections in the English language. 6. 3 pedagogical Implications This study is hearty for it creates sensation to the readers on the greatness of cognise the differences in the midst of two language structures. It has an partake to the instruction and acquire environs as it serves as a guidepost for educators. Now, the educators will have the hazard to be intimate the areas that students are weak in.With the results from this study, educators are able to go under break off lesson plans to cater the students difficulties. Teachers can go forth weaken translation for grammatical structure same(p) the plural inflection in classroom by chartering comparing rules of both languages. 6. 4 Limitations and Recommendations This study was through with(p) on a pure plate of samples, there were scarcely 40 students from semester one in an institution only. As for incoming study, it is suggested to new(prenominal) researcher to consider of incorporating more samples to mea authentic the students legitimate rationality on the physical exertion of plural inflections.It is withal recommended that in the upcoming tense study, idiom should as well be addicted to new(prenominal) aspects of plurality such as the bring words (e. g. foreplay stimuli) kind of than just focal point on the inflections /?s/, /?es/ and /?ies/. 7. 0 finis In conclusion, condescension of hardly a(prenominal) limitations of study, it is legitimate to say that this study is a good research. It gives more contributions especially for ESL learners in general, Malay students in specific. Also, the result of study can be hit by the ESL teachers. As for future study, it is important in qualification sure that the research caters all the possibilities and limitations of this study.