Summary of Rizal

Republic Act No. 1425, known as theRizal justness, man understands altogether educational institutions in thePhilip ensnareesto offer feed ins just aboutJose Rizal. The full name of the impartiality isAn Act to Include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Courses On the Life, Works and Writings ofJose Rizal, Particularly His NovelsNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo, Authorizing the publish and Distribution Thereof, and for Other Purposes.The measure was strongly opposed by the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines due to the anti-clerical themes inNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo. SenatorClaro M. Rectowas the main prop unitynt of the past Rizal Bill. He sought to sponsor the bill at Congress. However, this was met with stiff showdown from the Catholic Church. During the1955 Senate election, the church charged Recto with being a communist and an anti-Catholic.After Rectos election, the Church go on to oppose the bill mandating t he recitation of Rizals novelsNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo, claiming it would violatefreedom of conscienceandreligion. 1 In the campaign to oppose the Rizal bill, the Catholic Church urged its adherents to write to their congressmen and senators showing their opposition to the bill later, it organized symposiums. In one of these symposiums, Fr. Jesus Cavanna argued that the novels belonged to the past and that teaching them would misrepresent current conditions.Radio commentator Jesus Paredes also said that Catholics had the right to disapprove to scan them as it would endanger their salvation. 1 Groups such as Catholic Action of the Philippines, theCongregation of the Mission, theKnights of Columbus, and the Catholic Teachers Guild organized opposition to the bill they were countered by Veteranos de la Revolucion (Spirit of 1896), Alagad in Rizal, the Freemasons, and theKnights of Rizal. The Senate Committee on Education sponsored a bill co-written by bothJose P.Laureland Recto, with the only opposition coming fromFrancisco Soc Rodrigo,Mariano Jesus Cuenco, andDecoroso Rosales. 2 TheArchbishop of Manila,Rufino Santos, protested in apastoral letterthat Catholic students would be affected if compulsory reading of the unexpurgated version were pushed through. 3Arsenio Lacson, Manilas mayor, who supported the bill, walked out of Mass when the priest read a circular from the archbishop denouncing the bill. 4 Rizal, according toCuenco, attacked dogmas, beliefs and practices of the Church.The assertion that Rizal limited himself to castigating undeserving priests and refrained from criticizing, ridiculing or putting in doubt dogmas of the Catholic Church, is absolutely gratuitous and misleading. Cuenco touched on Rizals defence of the existence ofpurgatory, as it was not found in the playscript, and that Moses and Jesus Christ did not mention its existence Cuenco concluded that a majority of the Members of this Chamber, if not all including our good fri end, the gentleman from Sulu believed in purgatory. 5The senator from Sulu, Domocao Alonto, attacked Filipinos who proclaimed Rizal as their national hero but seemed to despise what he had written, saying that theIndonesiansused Rizals books as their Bible on their independence movementPedro Lopez, who hails from Cebu, Cuencos province, in his support for the bill, reasoned out that it was in their province the independence movement started, whenLapu-LapufoughtFerdinand Magellan. 3 Outside the Senate, the Catholic schools threatened to tightly fitting down if the bill was passed Recto countered that if that happened, the schools would be nationalized.Recto did not believe the threat, stating that the schools were too profitable to be closed. 1The schools gave up the threat, but threatened to punish legislators in favor of the law in future elections. A compromise was suggested, to use the expurgated version Recto, who had supported the required reading of the unexpurgated version, declared The people who would eliminate the books of Rizal from the schools would discolouration out from our minds the memory of the national hero. This is not a fight against Recto but a fight against Rizal, adding that since Rizal is dead, they are attempting to suppress his memory. 6 On whitethorn 12, 1956, a compromise inserted by Committee on Education chairman Laurel that accommodated the objections of the Catholic Church was approven unanimously. The bill specified that only college (university) students would have the option of reading unexpurgated versions of clerically-contested reading material, such asNoli Me TangereandEl Filibusterismo. 136The bill was enacted on June 12, 1956,3Flag Day. - editContent TheNoliandFiliwere required readings for college students. Section 1 mandated that the students were to read the novels as they were written inSpanish, although a provision ordered that the Board of National Education create rules on how these should be applied. 5The last two sections were focused on making Rizals full treatment accessible to the general public the second section mandated the schools to have an adequate number of copies in their libraries, while the third ordered the board to publish the whole works in majorPhilippine languages. 5 - editAftermath After the bill was enacted into law, there were no recorded instances of students applying for exemption from reading the novels, and no known procedure for such exemptions. 6In 1994, PresidentFidel V. Ramosordered theDepartment of Education, Culture and Sportsto fully implement the law as there had been reports that it has still not been fully implemented. 7 The debate during the enactment of the Rizal Law has been compared to theReproductive Health bill(RH bill) debate of 2011. 8AkbayanrepresentativeKaka Bag-ao, one of the proponents of the RH bill, said, quoting the Catholic hierarchy, that More than 50 years ago, they said the Rizal Law violates the Catholics right to conscience a nd religion, interestingly, the aforesaid(prenominal) line of reasoning they use to oppose the RH bill. 9 - editReferences 1. abcdAbinales, Patricio N. Amoroso, Donna J. (2005). State and society in the Philippines. Lanham, MarylandRowman & Littlefield. p. 187. ISBN978-0-7425-1024-1. 2. Cruz-Araneta, Gemma(2010-12-29). legislating Rizal, 1. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 3. abcdCruz-Araneta, Gemma(2010-12-29). Legislating Rizal, 2. Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 4. Rodis, Rodel (2010-01-07). Global Networking The Rizal bill. Philippine occasional Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-06-12. 5. abcPangalangan, Raul (2010-12-31). The intense debate on the Rizal Law. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 6. abcOcampo, Ambeth(2007-05-04). The fight over the Rizal Law. Philippine Daily Inquirer.Retrieved 2011-05-24. 7. Mr. Ramos leads Rizal Day rites. Manila Standard. 1994-12-29. Retrieved 2011-06-19. 8. Mendez, Christina (2011-05-23). JPE, Joker confident of compromi se on RH bill. Philippine Star. Retrieved 2011-05-24. 9. Jose Rizal new symbol of reproductive health rights? . ABS-CBNnews. com. 2011-06-01. Retrieved 2011-06-01. Jose Rizal A biographic Sketch BY TEOFILO H. MONTEMAYOR JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, Laguna.He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged to distinguished families. His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal called a model of fathers, came from Binan, Laguna while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and complete(a) woman whom Rizal called loving and prudent mother, was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila. At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet from his mother at 5, while learning to read and write, he already showed inclinations to be an artist.He astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawing s and sketches and by his moldings of clay. At the age 8, he wrote a Tagalog poem, Sa Aking Mga Kabata, the theme of which revolves on the love of ones language. In 1877, at the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an average of excellent from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In the same year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas, while at the same time took courses leading to the degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo.He finished the latter course on blemish 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyors examination on May 21, 1878 but because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice the profession until December 30, 1881. In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies when he felt that the Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors. On May 3, 1882, he sailed for Spain where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid .On June 21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on June 19,1885, at the age of 24, he finished his course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of excellent. Having traveled extensively in Europe, America and Asia, he mastered 22 languages. These allow Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and other native dialects.A versatile genius, he was an architect, artists, businessman, cartoonist, educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian, inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, opthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist, psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian. He was an expert swordsman and a good shot. In the hope of securing semipolitical and brotherly reforms for his country and at the same time educate his countrymen, Rizal, the greatest apostle of Filipino nationalism, published, while in Europe, several works with highly nationalistic and revolutionary tendencies.In March 1887, his daring book, NOLI ME TANGERE, a satirical novel exposing the arrogance and despotism of the Spanish clergy, was published in Berlin in 1890 he reprinted in Paris, Morgas SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS with his annotations to prove that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be proud of even long before the Spaniards set foot on Philippine soil on September 18, 1891, EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and a sequel to the NOLI and more revolutionary and tragic than the latter, was printed in Ghent.Because of his fearless exposures of the injustices committed by the civil and clerical officials, Rizal provoked the rage of those in power. This led himself, his relatives and countrymen into trouble with the Spanish officials of the country. As a consequence, he and those who had contacts with him, were shadowed the authorities were n ot only finding faults but even fabricating charges to pin him down. Thus, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago from July 6, 1892 to July 15, 1892 on a charge that anti-friar pamphlets were found in the luggage of his sister Lucia who arrive with him from Hong Kong.While a political exile in Dapitan, he engaged in agriculture, fishing and business he maintained and operated a hospital he conducted classes- taught his pupils the English and Spanish languages, the arts. The sciences, vocational courses including agriculture, surveying, sculpturing, and painting, as well as the art of self defense he did some researches and collected specimens he entered into correspondence with renowned men of letters and sciences afield and with the help of his pupils, he constructed water dam and a relief map of Mindanao both considered remarkable engineering feats.His sincerity and friendliness won for him the trust and impudence of even those assigned to guard him his good manners and warm person ality were found irresistible by women of all races with whom he had personal contacts his intelligence and obscureness gained for him the respect and admiration of prominent men of other nations while his undaunted courage and determination to uplift the welfare of his people were feared by his enemies.When the Philippine rotary motion started on August 26, 1896, his enemies lost no time in pressing him down. They were able to enlist witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never allowed to be confronted by him. Thus, from November 3, 1986, to the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort Santiago. In his prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known as Ultimo Adios which is considered a chef-doeuvre and a living document expressing not only the heros great love of country but also that of all Filipinos.After a scoff trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and of forming illegal association. In the cold morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of life had been packed with varied activities which proved that the Filipino has capacity to equal if not excel even those who treat him as a slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field.